Atmospheric deposition (throughfall and bulk deposition) LWF

Throughfall (precipitation under forest canopy) is a major pathway in forest nutrient cycling, and its quantification is necessary to establish both water and nutrient budgets. Furthermore, parallel sampling of throughfall and precipitation in the open field (bulk precipitation), together with assumptions about the canopy exchange processes (uptake and leaching of nutrients), allow the atmospheric deposition of nutrients and pollutants to be quantifed. Bulk precipitation and throughfall have been sampled since 1994 or later on 15 LWF plots using 3 (in the open) and 16 (in the forest) funnel-type precipitation collectors. These collectors are replaced by 1 (open area) and 4 (forest stand) snow buckets in winter on plots with abundant precipitation in the form of snow. The length of sampling intervals is usually 14 days. Purpose: To assess a major flux of the water and nutrient budget in forests, and to quantify the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, sulphur and other nutrients. Atmospheric deposition is one of the key factors in the causal chain between emission of air pollutants and acidifying or eutrophying effects in forest ecosystems. Manual Citation: * Thimonier, A., Bran